三：动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则

　　A、规则动词

　　① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如　worked , learned , cleaned , visited

　　②　以e结尾的动词直接加d：如　lived , danced , used

　　③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如　study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

　　④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如　stopped

　　B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：

　　sing – sang ,

　　eat – ate ,

　　see – saw ,

　　have – had ,

　　do – did ,

　　go – went ,

　　take – took ,

　　buy – bought ,

　　get – got ,

　　read – read ,

　　fly – flew ,

　　am/is – was ,

　　are – were ,

　　say – said ,

　　leave – left ,

　　swim – swam ,

　　tell – told ,

　　draw – drew ,

　　come – came ,

　　lose – lost ,

　　find – found ,

　　drink – drank ,

　　hurt – hurt ,

　　feel – felt

　　四：动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则

　　① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　　② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing　，如having , writing

　　③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting

　　五：句型专项归类

　　1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

　　There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

　　2、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

　　He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

　　He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

　　☆注意☆ 小结：否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面，可缩写成“isn’t，aren’t”，但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do，does，did)，然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don’t , doesn’t , didn’t )。这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。

　　3、一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。

　　如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

　　Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.

　　Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

　　Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

　　Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.)

　　Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won’t).

　　Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t.

　　Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

　　☆注意☆ 小结：一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上，

　　①把动词be调到首位，其他照写，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

　　②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do，does，did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形，末尾标点符号变成问号即可。

　　这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择，其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况，而“did”只用于一般过去时，不论主语是什么人称和数，都用“did” 。一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致，即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的。

　　4、特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。如：

　　What is this? It’s a computer.

　　What does he do? He’s a doctor.

　　Where are you going? I’m going to Beijing.

　　Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike.

　　Which season do you like best? Summer.

　　When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.

　　Whose skirt is this? It’s Amy’s.

　　Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees.

　　How are you? I’m fine. / I’m happy.

　　How did you go to Xinjiang? I went to Xinjiang by train.

　　☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问，如： how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)

　　例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.

　　How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.

　　How many desks are there in your classroom? There are 51.

　　☆小结：how many 用来提问可数名词的数量，主要有以上三种句式搭配，

　　How many + 名词复数 + do you have? 你有多少……?

　　How many + 名词复数 + can you see? 你能看见多少……?

　　How many + 名词复数 + are there…? 有多少……?