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英语语法复习资料及练习

郑州奥数网整理 2012-08-10 17:57:12

  语法在英语中占的至关重要的位置,所以,对语法的复习非常重要。下面是英语语法的复习资料指导,并有相关联系,希望对小升初的同学们有帮助。

  一、名词复数规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds

  2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries

  4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives

  5.不规则名词复数:

  man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice

  child-children

  foot-feet,.tooth-teeth

  fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

  写出下列各词的复数

  I_________him_________this___________her______

  watch_______child_______photo________diary______

  day________foot________book_______dress________

  tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____

  thief_______yo-yo______peach______sandwich______

  man______woman_______paper_______juice___________

  water________milk________rice__________tea__________

  二、一般现在时

  一般现在时基本用法介绍

  【No.1】一般现在时的功能

  1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。

  2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。

  3.表示客观现实。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。

  一般现在时的构成

  1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:

  Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。

  2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:

  WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

  一般现在时的变化

  1.be动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+be+not+其它。

  如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。

  一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。

  如:-Areyouastudent?

  -Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?

  2.行为动词的变化。

  否定句:主语+don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:

  Idon'tlikebread.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:

  Hedoesn'toftenplay.

  一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如:

  -Doyouoftenplayfootball?

  -Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.

  当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:

  -Doesshegotoworkbybike?

  -Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.

  特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?

  动词+s的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks

  2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes

  3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:study-studies

  一般现在时用法专练:

  一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

  drink________go_______stay________make________

  look_________have_______pass_______carry____

  come________watch______plant_______fly________

  study_______brush________do_________teach_______

  二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

  1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.

  2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.

  3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.

  4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.

  5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?

  6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?

  7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?

  8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.

  9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.

  10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.

  11.Mike_______(like)cooking.

  12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.

  13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.

  14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.

  15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.

  16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.

  17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.

  18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.

  19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.

  20.-Whatday_______(be)ittoday?

  -It’sSaturday.三、按照要求改写句子

  1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

  2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

  ________________________________________________________

  3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)

  ___________________________

  4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

  ___________________________________________________

  5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)

  _______________________________________________________

  6.HespeaksEnglishverywell.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

  7.Iliketakingphotosinthepark.(对划线部分提问)

  ________________________________________________________

  8.JohncomesfromCanada.(对划线部分提问)

  ___________________________________________________

  9.Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)

  ________________________________________________________

  10.SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.(改为否定句)

  ___________________________________________________

  五、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上)

  1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?__________________

  2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?__________________

  3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.__________________

  4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish.__________________

  5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._________________

  三、现在进行时

  1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

  2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.

  3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

  4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

  5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:

  疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?

  但疑问词当主语时其结构为:

  疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?

  动词加ing的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

  2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

  3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping

  现在进行时专项练习:

  一、写出下列动词的现在分词:

  play________ run__________ swim _________make__________

  go_________ like________  write________ _ski___________

  read________ have_________ sing  ________ dance_________

  put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________

  live_______ take_________ come ________  get_________

  stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________

  二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:

  1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

  2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

  3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food  now.

  4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

  5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

  6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

  7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

  8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.

  9. It’s  5  o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

  10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

  三、句型转换:

  1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

  _____________________________________________________________

  _____________________________________________________________

  2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)

  _________________________________________________________________

  _________________________________________________________________

  3.I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)

  _________________________________________________________________

  4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)

  _________________________________________________________________

  四、将来时理论及练习

  一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。

  二、基本结构:①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do.

  三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

  例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

  四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

  例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

  五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

  1.      问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.

  2.      问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this

  afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

  3.     问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going

  to bed?

  六、同义句:be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

  练习:

  填空。

  1.  我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

  I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

  I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

  2.  下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

  What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

  What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

  3.        你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

  _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

  Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

  4.        你们打算什么时候见面。

  What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

  改句子。

  5.        Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)

  Nancy ________ going to go camping.

  6.        I’ll go and join them.(改否定)

  I _______ go ______ join them.

  7.        I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)

  ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

  8.        We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

  _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

  9.        She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)

  ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

  10.        My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)

  _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

  用所给词的适当形式填空。

  11.        Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

  12.        My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

  13.        Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

  14.        What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

  15.        It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

  16.        What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

  17.        Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

  18.        Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

  19.        David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

  20.        I ________________ (plan) for my study now

  五、一般过去时

  1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。

  2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

  ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

  ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

  ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

  3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

  否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

  一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

  如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

  特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?

  如:        What did Jim do yesterday?

  ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?

  如:Who went to home yesterday?

  动词过去式变化规则:

  1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

  2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

  3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

  4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

  5.不规则动词过去式:

  am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

  过去时练习

  写出下列动词的过去式

  is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________

  drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________

  does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

  taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______

  throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do  ________

  Be动词的过去时练习(1)

  Name ____________    No. ______ Date __________

  一、        用be动词的适当形式填空

  1.        I _______ at school just now.

  2.        He ________ at the camp last week.

  3.        We ________ students two years ago.

  4.        They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

  5.        Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

  6.        There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

  7.        There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

  8.        The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

  二、句型转换

  1. It was exciting.

  否定句:________________________________________________

  一般疑问句:____________________________________________

  肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

  2. All the students were very excited.

  否定句:________________________________________________

  一般疑问句:____________________________________________

  肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

  3. They were in his pocket.

  否定句:________________________________________________

  一般疑问句:____________________________________________

  肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

  Be动词的过去时练习(2)

  Name ____________    No. ______ Date __________

  一、用be动词的适当形式填空

  1.        I ______ an English teacher now.

  2.        She _______ happy yesterday.

  3.        They _______ glad to see each other last month.

  4.        Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.

  5.        The little dog _____ two years old this year.

  6.        Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.

  7.        There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..

  8.        Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.

  二、句型转换

  1. There was a car in front of the house just now.

  否定句:________________________________________________

  一般疑问句:____________________________________________

  肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

  肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

 

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