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南外综合知识点---景点介绍(五)

南京奥数网 2012-05-24 15:08:26
比萨斜塔(The Leaning Tower of Pisa)

   是世界著名建筑奇观和旅游胜地之一。它坐落在意大利(Italy)西部古城比萨(Pisa)的教堂广场上,是比萨主教堂综合建筑中的钟塔(bell tower),亦是建筑群中最著名的建筑(building)。比萨斜塔(The Leaning Tower of Pisa)建于1174 年,1350年竣工,全部用大理石砌成。该塔开始建造时是直立的,但建到第三层时,由于地基打得不深,上层强度低,塔身开始倾斜(incline),工程遂中止。94年后,又重新继续施工,并加强了一系列防倾斜措施。但全塔建成后,塔顶中心点还是偏离垂直中心线。目前,塔顶中心点已偏离垂直中心线 4.4 米。比萨斜塔(The Leaning Tower of Pisa)高 54 米多,分8层,底层有石柱15根,上面6层各30根,顶层为钟塔,有石柱12根。塔内有楼梯300阶。比萨斜塔(The Leaning Tower of Pisa)为罗马式建筑风格,经过600多年的风雨,该塔巍然屹立,“斜而下倾”,使该塔闻名于世。1590年意大利物理学家伽利略曾在塔上做了著名的“两个铁球同时落地”的实验,推翻了希腊(Greece)学者亚里斯多德的不同重量的物体落地速度不同的理论,使比萨斜塔(The Leaning Tower of Pisa)更加名扬四海。

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply The Tower of Pisa (La Torre di Pisa) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa. It is situated behind the Cathedral and it is the third structure in Pisa's Campo dei Miracoli (field of Miracles). Although intended to stand vertically, the tower began leaning to the southeast soon after the onset of construction in 1173 due to a poorly laid foundation and loose substrate that has allowed the foundation to shift. The height of the tower is 55.86 m (183.27 ft) from the ground on the lowest side and 56.70 m (186.02 ft) on the highest side. The width of the walls at the base is 4.09 m (13.42 ft) and at the top 2.48 m (8.14 ft). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes. The tower has 294 steps.

 

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