每个孩子都应该知道的动名词用法
动名词作为非谓语动词的一种,他的结构和用法都是必考的项目,所以请各位家长和孩子都要注意!
一、动名词概述
动名词既具有动词的性质,又具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。(归根结底动名词的词性是名词)
1、动名词的动词性质表现在它可以组成动名词短语,如:
My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.
我的工作是为老板安排日程
I finished the project in a month by working overtime.
我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。
2、动名词的名词性质表现在他可以在剧中用作主语、宾语等,如:
Studying abroad can be a good experience.
留学是一种很好的经历。(做主语)
I regret telling her the truth.
我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)
二、动名词的形式和特征
1、动名词的主动形式:doing
2、动名词的被动形式:being done
3、动名词的复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词性所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词
在动名词复合结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语,这种复合结构多用作主语或宾语,也可用作标语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语放在动词或介词后时,名词所有格或物主代词分别可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格代替,如:
She suggested us forgiving him.
她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)
His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.
他不懂英语,这给他带来许多麻烦。(做主语)
Our only worry is George`s overstimating himself.
我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)
I strongly object to your delivering the speech.
我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)
三、动名词的用法
1、动名词做主语
Retelling shories is very useful.
复述故事是很有用的。
在一些句子当中,常用it作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。如:
(1)It is +no use/no good / no fun / a great pleasure / a waste of time等名词+ doing sth.
It is no good crying,
哭没有好处。
It is no use fixing.
修也没有用。
(2)It is + useless + doing sth .
It is useless crying.
哭没有用。
2、动名词作表语
Seeing is believing.
百闻不如一见。
3、动名词作宾语
动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如:
I haven`t finished reading today`s newspaper.
我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)
I`m afraid of going to the dentist.
我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going做介词of的宾语)
4、动名词作定语
I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.
我想选个带游泳池的房子。
四、动名词与不定式的比较
1、动名词可以作介词的宾语,还可以被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰;不定时童车不作介词宾语,更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。
She is afraid of going to the dentist.(√)
She is afraid of to go to dentist(×)
她害怕去看牙医。
2、固定用法
(1)某些动词后只能加动名词如:
admit , avoid , consider , delay , deny ,enjoy , escape , escape , finish , include , keep , miss , stop , suggest , give up 等,
I enjoy dancing.(√)
I enjoy to dance .(×)
我喜欢跳舞。
(2)某些动词后只能加不定式,常见的此类动词
有:agree , ask , claim , choose , decide , demand , determine , expect , fail , hope , manage , offer , promise , quit , refuse , resolve , wish 等,如:
I decide to quit smoking.(√)
I decide quitting smoking.(×)
我决定戒烟。
(3)某些动词后面既可以加动名词也可以加不定式,常见的此类动词
有:attempt , begin , continue , deserve , fear , forget , help , intend , learn , like , love , mean , need , prefer , regret , remember , start , try 等,如:
She cannot help crying.她不禁哭了起来
She cannot help to cook . 她不能帮忙做饭。