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每个孩子都应该知道的动名词用法

宁波家长帮 2016-08-22 19:26:44

  动名词作为非谓语动词的一种,他的结构和用法都是必考的项目,所以请各位家长和孩子都要注意!

  一、动名词概述

  动名词既具有动词的性质,又具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。(归根结底动名词的词性是名词)

  1、动名词的动词性质表现在它可以组成动名词短语,如:

  My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.

  我的工作是为老板安排日程

  I finished the project in a month by working overtime.

  我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。

  2、动名词的名词性质表现在他可以在剧中用作主语、宾语等,如:

  Studying abroad can be a good experience.

  留学是一种很好的经历。(做主语)

  I regret telling her the truth.

  我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)

  二、动名词的形式和特征

  1、动名词的主动形式:doing

  2、动名词的被动形式:being done

  3、动名词的复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词性所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词

  在动名词复合结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语,这种复合结构多用作主语或宾语,也可用作标语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语放在动词或介词后时,名词所有格或物主代词分别可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格代替,如:

  She suggested us forgiving him.

  她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

  His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.

  他不懂英语,这给他带来许多麻烦。(做主语)

  Our only worry is George`s overstimating himself.

  我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)

  I strongly object to your delivering the speech.

  我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)

  三、动名词的用法

  1、动名词做主语

  Retelling shories is very useful.

  复述故事是很有用的。

  在一些句子当中,常用it作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。如:

  (1)It is +no use/no good / no fun / a great pleasure / a waste of time等名词+ doing sth.

  It is no good crying,

  哭没有好处。

  It is no use fixing.

  修也没有用。

  (2)It is + useless + doing sth .

  It is useless crying.

  哭没有用。

  2、动名词作表语

  Seeing is believing.

  百闻不如一见。

  3、动名词作宾语

  动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如:

  I haven`t finished reading today`s newspaper.

  我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)

  I`m afraid of going to the dentist.

  我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going做介词of的宾语)

  4、动名词作定语

  I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.

  我想选个带游泳池的房子。

  四、动名词与不定式的比较

  1、动名词可以作介词的宾语,还可以被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰;不定时童车不作介词宾语,更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。

  She is afraid of going to the dentist.(√)

  She is afraid of to go to dentist(×)

  她害怕去看牙医。

  2、固定用法

  (1)某些动词后只能加动名词如:

  admit , avoid , consider , delay , deny ,enjoy , escape , escape , finish , include , keep , miss , stop , suggest , give up 等,

  I enjoy dancing.(√)

  I enjoy to dance .(×)

  我喜欢跳舞。

  (2)某些动词后只能加不定式,常见的此类动词

  有:agree , ask , claim , choose , decide , demand , determine , expect , fail , hope , manage , offer , promise , quit , refuse , resolve , wish 等,如:

  I decide to quit smoking.(√)

  I decide quitting smoking.(×)

  我决定戒烟。

  (3)某些动词后面既可以加动名词也可以加不定式,常见的此类动词

  有:attempt , begin , continue , deserve , fear , forget , help , intend , learn , like , love , mean , need , prefer , regret , remember , start , try 等,如:

  She cannot help crying.她不禁哭了起来

  She cannot help to cook . 她不能帮忙做饭。
 

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