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小升初备考:小学英语基础知识大全

济南家长帮 2018-01-10 13:32:54

小升初备考:小学英语基础知识大全

  一、基础知识

  1.字母:26个字母的大小写

  ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

  abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

  2.语音:元音的发音

  五个元音字母:AEIOU

  12个单元音:

  前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]

  中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]

  后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]

  双元音(8个)

  合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]

  集中双元音(3个)[iə] [εə] [uə]

  3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词

  4.句子:大小写,标点符号

  二、语法知识

  一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格

  (一)名词单复数

  一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds

  以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches

  以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries

  以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives

  不规则名词复数:

  man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice

  child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

  不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea

  (二)名词的格

  有生命的东西的名词所有格:

  a)单数后加’s如:Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

  b)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:his friends’bags

  c)不以s结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes

  并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:

  Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

  要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s

  Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

  (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词”来表示所有关系:如:

  a picture of the classroom a map of China

  二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词

  1.种类

  (1)不定冠词:a/anaunit/anuncle

  元音开头的可数名词前用an:

  anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/

  (2)定冠词:the the egg the plane

  2.用法

  定冠词的用法:

  特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

  复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

  在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.

  用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening

  不用冠词的情况:

  专有名词前:China is a big country.

  名词前有定语:this,that,my,your,some,any,no等

  This is my baseball.

  复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim.They are teachers.

  在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day.It’s Sunday.

  一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class.He plays chess at home.

  *但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

  学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

  在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is MrLi.

  固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

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