小升初备考:小学英语基础知识大全
小升初备考:小学英语基础知识大全
一、基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:
前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]
双元音(8个)
合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
集中双元音(3个)[iə] [εə] [uə]
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
二、语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives
不规则名词复数:
man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice
child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型:paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea
(二)名词的格
有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加’s如:Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以s结尾的复数名词后加’如:his friends’bags
c)不以s结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes
并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of+名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词
1.种类
(1)不定冠词:a/anaunit/anuncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an:
anegg/anapple/anorange/aneraser/ananswer/anIDcard/analarmclock/anactor/anactress/ane-mail/anaddress/anevent/anexample/anopera/anhouranoldman/aninterestingbook/anexcitingsport/anactionmovie/anartlesson/
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2.用法
定冠词的用法:
特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.
用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
专有名词前:China is a big country.
名词前有定语:this,that,my,your,some,any,no等
This is my baseball.
复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim.They are teachers.
在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day.It’s Sunday.
一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class.He plays chess at home.
*但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is MrLi.
固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

