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2018洛阳小升初必备英语语法整理(一)(2)

家长帮论坛洛阳站 2018-03-31 22:56:33

  4.表示"在……范围以外","越出……界限之外"

  The ship is out of sight.船已看不见了。

  They sang out of tune.他们唱得走了调。

  This plan is out of the ordinary.这是一个非凡的计划。

  5.表示"出于……动机","由于……原因"

  The traffic accident was out of carelessness in driving.这起交通事故是由于粗心驾驶所致。

  The treatment of the topic is out of necessity much condensed.由于需要,关于这个问题的阐述已大加压缩。

  6.表示竭尽和缺乏

  We are out of tea.我们的茶叶用完了。

  This book is out of print.这本书绝版了。

  That novel is out of stock.那本小说脱销了。

  7.表示材料或来源

  He made the box out of old planks.他用旧木板做了箱子。

  This paragraph is out of Marx's works in the original.这一段引自马克思原著。

  8.与某些动词连用,表示"放弃","丧失"

  He talked his wife out of buying a new bicycle.他说服他的妻子不要买新自行车。

  I couldn't persuade him out of the resolution.我没能说服他改变决心。

  另外,out of与其他词可以构成许多非常有用的、常见的固定词组,这些词组有:out of accord with(与……不一致;同……不协调), out of action(失去作用,停止运动),out of all relation to(和……毫无关系),out of balance(失去平衡),out of breath(上气不接下气),out of character(不相称,不适当),out of control(失去控制),out of date(过时),out of doubt(确定无疑),out of fashion(不合时尚),out of gear(脱节,失调),out of harmony(不和谐),out of kindness(出于好意),out of necessity(出于必要),out oforder(不整齐,次序颠倒),out of one's power(力所不及),out of place(不适当,不相称),out of question(毫无疑问),out of the question(不可能,成问题)out of shape(变形),out of step(失调,不同步),out of sympathy with(出于对……的同情),out of touch with(与…… 脱离接触),out of true(不诚实,不准确),out of work(失业)等。

  3.

  用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。

  一.词引导的定语从句

  1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

  句子成分  用于限制从句或非限制性从句   只用于限制性从句

  代替人    代替物      代替人或物

  主语  Who        which        that

  主语  Whom       which        that

  宾语  Whose(=of whom)  whose(=of which)

  例1:This is the detective who came from London.

  例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

  例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

  例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

  2.关系代词的用法

  (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:

  All the people that are present burst into tears.

  (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:

  (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:

  There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
 

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